The Commons

The commons are cultural and natural resources available to all members of society, such as air, water, and a livable Earth. They may be privately or publicly owned, but they are shared. The commons can also refer to resources managed by communities or user groups for both individual and collective benefit. This management typically relies on shared norms, values, and social practices as a form of governance. In this sense, commoning is the practice of governing a resource not through the state or the market, but through a self-governing community that creates its own institutions for the benefit of all members of society.